such round bars would be RM 1,180 The first defendant finally agreed to such price RM Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. Vitally important as it is for the law to facilitate the healthy functioning of competitive markets, there is arguably, somewhat of a dismissive abdication, on the part of the courts to adequately provide a degree of protection for the vulnerability of small, family businesses, such as TT. Request Permissions. The defendants contended that the A The defendants chartered two vessels from the claimant. (Contract Law, 10th edn, Jill Poole pg564). Held: The misrepresentation alleged was made by the claimants in-house . Held= voidable for economic duress. With a growing open access offering, Wiley is committed to the widest possible dissemination of and access to the content we publish and supports all sustainable models of access. The defendants told the claimants that they would go bankrupt if they did not lower the cost of charter. The plaintiffs (P) owned the shares of a private company which owned a building that the Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Held: The court found for the plaintiffs. Richards LJ acknowledged that for a validly constituted contract containing the requisite legal elements, of agreement and consideration, to be deemed as void needed to cross a high threshold. WebOccidental Worldwide Investment v Skibs (The Sibeon & The Sibotre) [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293. In Atlas Express v Kafco Ltd [1989] 1 All ER 64, Atlas (road hauliers) contracted with Kafco What is the justification for the doctrine of economic duress: Absence of consent or This prospect would seem even more improbable when one considers the cordial relations which characterised both parties business relationship, until the advent of this dispute. practical effect is that there is compulsion on, or a lack of practical choice, for the By way of defence, PIAC relied on the waiver in the New Agreement, but TT successfully challenged the validity of the New Agreement under economic duress. P agreed to sell their shares in the private company to D so that D could acquire the. Wiley has published the works of more than 450 Nobel laureates in all categories: Literature, Economics, Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, and Peace. (Kerr J, Occidental Worldwide Investment Corporation v Skibs The defendants refused to pay the full amount. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. [9]Progress Bulk Carriers Ltd v Tube City IMS LLC, The Cenk Kaptanoglu [2012] EWHC 273 Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. avoid the agreement prior to the claimant seeking to enforce the guarantee. the Privy Council. [5]Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Karam [2005] NSWCA 344 victim, (b) which is illegitimate, and (c) which is a significant cause inducing the PIACs defence that they were exercising what they reasonably believed to be their lawful contractual rights, to both modify the system by which commission was paid and propose new contractual terms, was therefore reinforced. In addition to publishing articles in all branches of the law, the Review contains sections devoted to recent legislation and reports, case analysis, and review articles and book reviews. The nature of the commercial context has further frustrated the courts ability to determine when a lawful act within the hard-bargaining realms of commercial dealings can stray into the realms of illegitimate pressure. Long [1980] AC 614. Warren J, at first instance, was insistent that the presence of good or bad faith was something which different minds might take different views. This was arguably a central failure of the High Courts judgement, which Richards LJ emphasised. Plaintiff agreed to sell round bars (construction materials) to the first defendant, the price of WebOccidental Worldwide Investment v Skibs (The Sibeon & The Sibotre) [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293. After entering into the contract, did they take steps to avoid it? Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Karam [2005] NSWCA 344, CTN Cash and Carry Ltd v Gallaher Ltd [1993] EWCA Civ 19, Dimskal Shipping Co SA v International Transport Workers Federation [1992] 2 AC 152, Occidental Worldwide Investment Corp v Skibbs A/S Avanti [1976] 1 Lloyd's Rep 293, Progress Bulk Carriers Ltd v Tube City IMS LLC, The Cenk Kaptanoglu [2012] EWHC 273, Times Travel (UK) Ltd v Pakistan International Airlines Corporation [2017] EWHC 1367, Times Travel (UK) Ltd v Pakistan International Airlines Corporation (Rev 2) [2019] EWCA Civ 828, Jack Beatson, The Use and Abuse of Unjust Enrichment (first published 1991, OUP), 129, Andrew Burrows, Anson's Law of Contract (first published 2016, OUP), 67, Paul Davies & William Day, Lawful act duress (again) [2019] LQR 2020, Jodi Gardiner, Does Lawful Act Duress Still Exist? [2019] CLJ, Law Commission Report No 292, 2005, Part5, [1]Occidental Worldwide Investment Corporation v Skibs (The Sibeon & The Sibotre) [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293 [15]Jack Beatson, The Use and Abuse of Unjust Enrichment (first.published.1991,.OUP),.129 a. The doctrine was first established in The Siboen and The Sibotre [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293 by Charter-party (Time) - Hire - Amount - Vessels chartered at rate of $4.40 per ton per month - Subsequent agreement by shipowners to reduce hire to $4.10 per month - Whether agreement induced by charterers' misrepresentation or made under duress - Remedies of shipowners. The actions of PIAC, in their action of terminating the contract with TT, do not demonstrate them contravening their lawful contractual responsibilities. Given the rather vague concept of morally and socially unacceptable conduct formulated in CTN5, it is unsurprising that the court was directed towards blackmail in order to rationalise the concept of lawful duress. coercion of the will so as to vitiate consent. This was completely, untrue. Commerci, Lecture Notes: Ophthalmology (Bruce James; Bron), Apley's Concise System of Orthopaedics and Fractures, Third Edition (Louis Solomon; David J. Warwick; Selvadurai Nayagam), Clinical Examination: a Systematic Guide to Physical Diagnosis (Nicholas J. Talley; Simon O'Connor), Law of Torts in Malaysia (Norchaya Talib), Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine (Murray Longmore; Ian Wilkinson; Andrew Baldwin; Elizabeth Wallin), Essential Surgery (Clive R. G. Quick; Joanna B. Reed), Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design (Richard Budynas; Keith Nisbett), Clinical Medicine (Parveen J. Kumar; Michael L. Clark), Little and Falace's Dental Management of the Medically Compromised Patient (James W. 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WebSee, especially, Occidental Worldwide Investment Corp. v Skibs A/S Avanti, Skibs A/S Glarona, Skibs A/S Navalis, (The Siboen and the Siborre) [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep. 292. Lord Steyn is amongst numerous justices, who recognised that if inequality of bargaining power is to be codified, it is Parliaments responsibility. defendant which they feared they would lose if the defendants did become insolvent. charter. To amount to economic duress there had to be a. coercion of the will so as to vitiate consent. Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Lloyds Bank V Bundy (1975) QB 326. WebOccidental Worldwide Investment Corp v Skibs A/S Avanti (The Siboen and The Sibotre) [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293 https://www.i-law.com/ilaw/doc/view.htm?id=147440 Dimskal Shipping Co SA v International Transport Workers Federation (The Evia Luck) (No 2) agreeing to this would delay the main contract, D agreed. ABSTRACT In Pioneer Urban Land and Infrastructure Ltd. v Govindan Raghavan [2019] 5 SCC 725, the Supreme Court of India excised an onerous term in a housing construction contract as wholly one-sided, unfair and unreasonable. Wiley has partnerships with many of the worlds leading societies and publishes over 1,500 peer-reviewed journals and 1,500+ new books annually in print and online, as well as databases, major reference works and laboratory protocols in STMS subjects. this is helpful for a, Unit 10 Human Reproduction, Growth and Development, Scene by Scene Summary of a Streetcar Named Desire, Lesson plan and evaluation - observation 1, molecular biology exam 2017, questions and answers, Company Law Cases List of the Major Cases in Company Law, Acoples-storz - info de acoples storz usados en la industria agropecuaria, Coercion of the will / no realistic choice. Within the termination were terms for a New Agreement, providing that agents would agree to waive any existing claims arising from the commission dispute. 2022 QUB The Verdict. National Westminister Bank V Morgan (1985) 1 AC 686. [10]Al.Nehayan.v.Kent [2018] EWHC 333 The claimant appealed refusal of an award an account of profits for what was akin to a breach of statutory duty. WebOccidental Worldwide Investment v Skibs (The Sibeon & The Sibotre) [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293 The defendants chartered two vessels from the claimant. PIAC are after all a commercial entity and pressure is a recognised feature of such environments. a) There must be a threat Duress emerged from the courts as a protection against parties threatening recourse to unlawful action, including physical intimidation. University of the West Indies at Cave Hill, Misrepresentation cases (Contract Law).docx, Please find the facts of the following cases.docx, Chapter 14 Duress Undueinfluence Unconscionability, There are currently 13 root servers In practice some of these root servers are, Question Type Anatomy 21 The is an expandable reservoir for storing urine Answer, 4 You have isolated a true breeding fish strain that has round dots on its, So your two clues that C is a trap are 1 C came a little too easy and thats, After dialysis the patients daughter asks why the dialysis nurses weigh her, Diving Deeper into Caring For Your Introvert.docx, rubric-group-oral-presentation FROM ARCHIVE #2.docx, Allein leider sind auch die Folgen umgekehrt Whrend die Natur indem sie die, Correct A and C only 05 05 pts Question 4 Which of the following statements, 10 Abscisic acid A This hormone is produced in the roots and terminal buds of, Assignment 7 Balancing Energy and Climate.pdf, 24 In planning a trip would you prefer to A most of the time do whatever you, Source Based on Wolff 1966 Figure 56 Relative Distribution of Six Newborn States, Option A is incorrect This would work but would interrupt the employees normal, Natasha Khawaja Reflective Journal Entry #6.docx, Rule 4 Elements of Rule 4 + Facts + Issue/s + Application = Conclusions A Major Disciplinary Infraction for Possession of a Weapon in school is a violation that occurs in school and severely, What would a demand letter for this look like? b) Occidental Worldwide- Investment Corp v Skibs a/l Avanti & Ors, The defendants chartered two vessels from the claimant. contract involved coercion with reference to economic blackmail. contract so that is said that have vitiated their free will. Oxford University Press, 2023, Communication, Media Studies, & Journalism, Return to JC Smith's The Law of Contract 2e student resources. The plaintiff delivered the rounds bar and requested the first defendant to pay at price of RM There must Commercial pressure was not sufficient. The avoidance of a contract based upon the application of a form of lawful economic duress advanced by pressure which was legitimate within the cut and thrust of contractual negotiations was deemed as being an extension of the common law which the courts could not credibly countenance. [16]Law Commission No.292 (2005), Part.5 1,244. A Motion to Quash a Subpoena may be filed by a party or by the person served. [11]Andrew Burrows, Anson's Law of Contract (first published 2016, OUP) 67 Resultantly, Warren Js High Court judgment[3] was overruled in favour of PIAC, due to their genuinely held belief that they were not entitled to reimburse TT for unpaid commission from a defunct contract. d) Perlis Plantations Berhad v Mohammad Abdullah Ang[1988] 1 CQ 670. The claimants feared that they would lose valuable customers and they were also, owed substantial amounts of money by the defendant which they feared they would lose if, the defendants did become insolvent. Judicial recognition of the common law doctrine of economic duress has been established for over forty years in the United Kingdom. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. With a growing open access offering, Wiley is committed to the widest possible dissemination of and access to the content we publish and supports all sustainable models of access. However, P realized that D might profit from this agreement and WebThe main cases I will be referring to are Pao On and Lau Yiu Long (1980), Hartley v Ponsonby (1857) and Occidental Worldwide Investment v Skibs (The Sibeon & The Sibotre) [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293. - Illegitimate pressure must be distinguished from the rough and tumble of Warren J, at first instance, was insistent that the presence of good or bad faith was something which different minds might take different views.. - plaintiffs hired two vessels from defendants - plaintiffs When past consideration is good consideration. Obiter remarks by Leggatt LJ suggested that lawful act duress could be widened with reference to blackmail in circumstances where a defendant had no reasonable grounds[10] for making a lawful demand. Maritime Insights & Intelligence Limited is registered in England and Wales with company number 13831625 and address c/o Hackwood Secretaries Limited, One Silk Street, London EC2Y 8HQ, United Kingdom. He had been released but had said he had not had contact with another London club . Since its foundation over sixty-five years ago, The Modern Law Review has been providing a unique forum for the critical examination of contemporary legal issues and of the law as it functions in society, and today ranks as one of Europe's leading scholarly journals. The defendants told the The claimant then sought to enforce the guarantee and the. - Received independent legal advice However, the defendant failed, to settle the sums and hence the plaintiff terminated the facilities and filed the civil suit. - Adequate alternative remedies The ingredients of actionable duress are that there must be pressure, (a) whose However, they have expressed their disappointment that Richards LJ did not jettison13 the concept entirely. PIACs defence that they were exercising what they reasonably believed to be their lawful contractual rights, to both modify the system by which commission was paid and propose new contractual terms, was therefore reinforced. 1990 Modern Law Review B & S told D that unless paid an extra 4,500 then the Wiley is a global provider of content and content-enabled workflow solutions in areas of scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly research; professional development; and education. Gardiner[14] has suggested that the present appeal is testament to a swift retreat on the part of the judiciary to place the concept of lawful duress on a stable basis. Web1 See, especially, Occidental Worldwide Investment Corp. v Skibs A/S Avanti, Skibs A/S Glarona, Skibs A/S Navalis, (The 'Siboen' and the 'Sibotre') [1976] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 292. The focus of this lecture is on economic duress. Plaintiff issued a letter of demand dated 4th June 2009 and demanded the defendant to settle, the debt within 14 days from the date that the letter had issued. duress, it was not established in this case. The Privy Council identified 4 factors to. But even assuming, as I think, that our law is open to further development in, relation to contracts concluded under some form of compulsion not amounting to, duress to the person, the Court must in every case at least be satisfied that the, consent of the other party was overborne by compulsion so as to deprive him of any, The decision of Kerr J, was then affirmed by Lord Scarman in the case of. Copyright 2023 Maritime Insights & Intelligence Limited. Occidental Worldwide Investment Corp v Skibs A/S Avanti (The Siboen and The Sibotre) [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293, https://www.i-law.com/ilaw/doc/view.htm?id=147440, Dimskal Shipping Co SA v International Transport Workers Federation (The Evia Luck) (No 2) [1992] 2 AC 152, http://login.westlaw.co.uk/maf/wluk/ext/app/document?docguid=I9924E380E42711DA8FC2A0F0355337E9&crumb-action=reset, http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/search/enhRunRemoteLink.do?A=0.5985502812548534&service=citation&langcountry=GB&backKey=20_T23298606965&linkInfo=F%23GB%23AC%23vol%252%25sel1%251992%25page%25152%25year%251992%25sel2%252%25&ersKey=23_T23298606955, http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1973/1973_27.html, North Ocean Shipping Co v Hyundai Construction Co [1979] QB 705, http://login.westlaw.co.uk/maf/wluk/ext/app/document?docguid=I10D63731E42811DA8FC2A0F0355337E9&crumb-action=reset, http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/search/enhRunRemoteLink.do?A=0.05825677486545111&service=citation&langcountry=GB&backKey=20_T23298635279&linkInfo=F%23GB%23QB%23sel1%251979%25page%25705%25year%251979%25&ersKey=23_T23298635268, Atlas Express Ltd v Kafco [1989] QB 833, QBD, http://login.westlaw.co.uk/maf/wluk/ext/app/document?docguid=I68F009B0E42711DA8FC2A0F0355337E9&crumb-action=reset, http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/search/enhRunRemoteLink.do?A=0.03738492732027099&service=citation&langcountry=GB&backKey=20_T23298637577&linkInfo=F%23GB%23QB%23sel1%251989%25page%25833%25year%251989%25&ersKey=23_T23298637567, http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/1979/1979_17.html, Huyton v Peter Cremer [1999] 1 Lloyds Rep 620, 6359 (Mance J), http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Comm/1998/1208.html, Kolmar Group AG v Traxpo Enterprises Pvt Ltd [2010] EWHC 113 (Comm), [2011] 1 All ER (Comm) 46 [92] (Christopher Clarke J), http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Comm/2010/113.html, http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/1974/8.html, Universe Tankships Inc of Monrovia v International Transport Workers Federation [1983] 1 AC 366, 400 (Lord Scarman), http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1981/9.html, http://login.westlaw.co.uk/maf/wluk/ext/app/document?docguid=I1AE6D091E42811DA8FC2A0F0355337E9&crumb-action=reset, http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/search/enhRunRemoteLink.do?A=0.6910582110037973&service=citation&langcountry=GB&backKey=20_T23298650602&linkInfo=F%23GB%23KB%23vol%252%25sel1%251919%25page%25581%25year%251919%25sel2%252%25&ersKey=23_T23298647877, CTN Cash and Carry Ltd v Gallagher Ltd [1994] 4 All ER 714, http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/1993/19.html, http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/2003/22.html, Akai Holdings Ltd (Liquidators) v Ting [2010] UKPC 21, http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKPC/2010/21.html, Progress Bulk Carriers Ltd v Tube City IMS LLC (The Cenk Kaptanoglu) [2012] EWHC 273 (Comm), [2012] 2 All ER (Comm) 855, http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Comm/2012/273.html, Office of Fair Trading v Abbey National plc [2009] UKSC 6, [2009] 3 WLR 1215, http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKSC/2009/6.html, Printed from - Adam Opel GmbH v Mitras Automotive Ltd [2007] EWHC 3205. We use cookies to improve your website experience. WebOccidental Worldwide- Investment Corp v Skibs a/l Avanti & Ors (the "Siboen" and the "Sibotre") The charterers of the tanker vessels requested to have their hire reduced, and the shipowners agreed. Singapore Law Watch Commentaries. The minimum basic test of subjective causation in economic duress ought, it appears to (Select three that apply) 1)Will advance notification and consent to subcontract be, Which of the following are attributes of small business participation requirements? (usually there is consent of some kind). LAWFUL ACT ECONOMIC DURESS: A CASE NOTE . Damages (restitution): Recovery of monies paid. unlawful detention of property in order to get the first defendant to agree to the price of RM Following PIACs decision to reduce the number of fortnightly tickets from 300 to 60 on 17th September 2012, TT proceeded to sign the New Agreement on account of their business future survival, on September 23rd. D refused to comply with this, and the case reached Commercial pressure, Note: This was the first case where economic duress was recognised as giving rise, to a cause of action. He also could have, enforced the contract of sale through specific performance and thus had another, avenue of redress available to him. Federation (The Universe Sentinel) [1981] UKHL 9), BUT - the courts assessment of illegitimacy is limited TT subsequently sued PIAC for outstanding commission payments, they believed, that were due under the previous contract, including basic commission which the first instance court found PIAC had mistakenly believed it was entitled to. There must be present some factor which could in law be regarded as a coercion of his will so as to vitiate his consent.. The concept of economic duress is of recent origin where the courts have started to acknowledge that threats against goods can be just as compelling as threats against the person. The publicity lead to controversy. In the opening stages of the appeal, Richards.LJ was clear that one of the determining situations whereby a validly made contract could be avoided was one where bad faith could be said to exist. He further cited CTN5 where it had been stated that if a defendant genuinely believes that they are entitled to advance a demand, this will be a key factor in determining whether lawful pressure was applied to a claimant. Services [2000] BLR 531 ). Held: the plaintiffs refusal did not amount to unlawful detention of property as the plaintiff Held: HC, Contract Act x not provide for any form of coercion other than as defined by S. for duress to amount to a defence the D should be able to show that his consent to the, agreement was not free in that such consent was caused by coercion as defined by S.15 this, e) Teck Guan Trading Sdn Bhd v Hydrotek Engineering (S) Sdn Bhd & Ors [1996]. coercion of the will vitiating consent. Avanti (The Siboen and The Sibotre ) [1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293, => Accords with will theories of contract and liberal ideologies. The defendants told the, claimants that they would go bankrupt if they did not lower the cost of charter. FACTS: Ten year-old Ronald Smith lives at 1234 Any Street in City, State, with his parents Jim and Mary Smith. The share value did drop, and P It was the first of these ingredients that predominated the discussion in this judgement. Ds payment was voidable for economic duress. Webappears to be Occidental Worldwide Investment Corp v Skibs.4 The case was decided on the fact that the threats made by the charterers were false and fraudulent and so the owners were entitled to avoid the renegotiated terms. Richards LJ also cited the finding in Occidental;[7] due to the lawfulness of the act itself the question was whether the nature of the demand constituted illegitimacy? This was that the plaintiffs refusal to supply the bars at the price of RM 1,180 amounted to an Indeed, Warren J, at first instance3, by way of analogy addressed blackmail as justification for the existence of lawful act duress accompanied by illegitimate pressure on the part of PIAC. Abstract. In the present case the defendant did not protest at the time. WebIntroduction to Criminal and Constitutional Law business and management English For Oral Presentations (ELC590) diploma investment analysis (ba114) entrepreneur (dpb 2012) entrepeneurship (MPU 22012) Equity and Trust I (LIA 2001) Pemikiran dan tamadun islam (CTU 151) Principles and Practice of Management (MGT 420) Introduction to Law The Modern Law Review The laws and principles are further complicated by the introduction of electronic contracts, specifically electronic consumer, The definition of consideration in Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act 1872 substantially anticipated the far-reaching reforms to the orthodox doctrine of consideration that were proposed by the, 1 PROLOGUE: THE PREHISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LAW OF OBLIGATIONS 2 STRUCTURAL FOUNDATIONS 3 UNITY AND FRAGMENTATION OF THE MEDIAEVAL LAW OF CONTRACT 4 TRESPASS, TRESPASS ON THE CASE, AND THE MEDIAEVAL, ABSTRACT It has been the received wisdom for over a century now that the Indian Contract Act 1872 could not have meant to alter the English law's privity requirement as there is no specific language, /reports/rep199.pdf> accessed 26 November 2019, and 103rd Law Commission of India Report, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. The effect of duress is to render the Request Permissions. the lesser of two evils (and thus, a decision made under duress is no different than [13]Paul Davies & William Day, Lawful act duress (again) [2019].LQR.2020 Richards LJ commenced his judgement of the appeal by exploring the development of the doctrine of lawful act economic duress and the ingredients necessary to establish such a claim; including proof of illegitimate pressure applied to the claimant, this as a cause of the contract being entered into and the limited practical choice for the claimant. any more unless Kafco paid more. 2012 saw PIAC submitting a notice of termination to their appointed agents, including TT. Wiley has partnerships with many of the worlds leading societies and publishes over 1,500 peer-reviewed journals and 1,500+ new books annually in print and online, as well as databases, major reference works and laboratory protocols in STMS subjects. It was simply commercial, R was a member of the SAS. . [13] In principle, they express their concurrence with Richards LJs constraining approach compared with that of the High Court. WebCoercion or overbearing of a person's will ( Occidental Worldwide Investment Corporation v Skibs A/S Avanti [1976] 1 Access to the complete content on Oxford Reference requires Perhaps Richard LJs rigid adherence to the doctrinal, Diceyan view of private law, what is not prohibited is permitted,[15] signals a failure to elucidate the position of small companies pressured by the impervious terms of international monopolies. Wiley is a global provider of content and content-enabled workflow solutions in areas of scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly research; professional development; and education. 1990 Modern Law Review Tel: 0795 457 9992, or email david@swarb.co.uk, Dibb and Clegg (A Firm) v Recover Ltd and Others: SCCO 12 Oct 2001, East African Asians v United Kingdom: ECHR 1973, MCI Worldcom International Inc v Primus Telecommunications Inc, Devenish Nutrition Ltd v Sanofi-Aventis Sa (France) and others, Pao On and Others v Lau Yiu Long and Others, British Airways Plc v British Airline Pilots Association: QBD 23 Jul 2019, Wright v Troy Lucas (A Firm) and Another: QBD 15 Mar 2019, Hayes v Revenue and Customs (Income Tax Loan Interest Relief Disallowed): FTTTx 23 Jun 2020, Ashbolt and Another v Revenue and Customs and Another: Admn 18 Jun 2020, Indian Deluxe Ltd v Revenue and Customs (Income Tax/Corporation Tax : Other): FTTTx 5 Jun 2020, Productivity-Quality Systems Inc v Cybermetrics Corporation and Another: QBD 27 Sep 2019, Thitchener and Another v Vantage Capital Markets Llp: QBD 21 Jun 2019, McCarthy v Revenue and Customs (High Income Child Benefit Charge Penalty): FTTTx 8 Apr 2020, HU206722018 and HU196862018: AIT 17 Mar 2020, Parker v Chief Constable of the Hampshire Constabulary: CA 25 Jun 1999, Christofi v Barclays Bank Plc: CA 28 Jun 1999, Demite Limited v Protec Health Limited; Dayman and Gilbert: CA 24 Jun 1999, Demirkaya v Secretary of State for Home Department: CA 23 Jun 1999, Aravco Ltd and Others, Regina (on the application of) v Airport Co-Ordination Ltd: CA 23 Jun 1999, Manchester City Council v Ingram: CA 25 Jun 1999, London Underground Limited v Noel: CA 29 Jun 1999, Shanley v Mersey Docks and Harbour Company General Vargos Shipping Inc: CA 28 Jun 1999, Warsame and Warsame v London Borough of Hounslow: CA 25 Jun 1999, Millington v Secretary of State for Environment Transport and Regions v Shrewsbury and Atcham Borough Council: CA 25 Jun 1999, Chilton v Surrey County Council and Foakes (T/A R F Mechanical Services): CA 24 Jun 1999, Oliver v Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council: CA 23 Jun 1999, Regina v Her Majestys Coroner for Northumberland ex parte Jacobs: CA 22 Jun 1999, Sheriff v Klyne Tugs (Lowestoft) Ltd: CA 24 Jun 1999, Starke and another (Executors of Brown decd) v Inland Revenue Commissioners: CA 23 May 1995, South and District Finance Plc v Barnes Etc: CA 15 May 1995, Gan Insurance Company Limited and Another v Tai Ping Insurance Company Limited: CA 28 May 1999, Thorn EMI Plc v Customs and Excise Commissioners: CA 5 Jun 1995, London Borough of Bromley v Morritt: CA 21 Jun 1999, Kuwait Oil Tanker Company Sak; Sitka Shipping Incorporated v Al Bader;Qabazard; Stafford and H Clarkson and Company Limited; Mccoy; Kuwait Petroleum Corporation and Others: CA 28 May 1999, Worby, Worby and Worby v Rosser: CA 28 May 1999, Bajwa v British Airways plc; Whitehouse v Smith; Wilson v Mid Glamorgan Council and Sheppard: CA 28 May 1999.
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