161 min Director: Opened 02/41 Closed 10/44 - mostly French officers. The Famous WWII POW Camp. Located in Warthegau, a western province of Poland that had been incorporated into the German Reich in 1939. Men of all nationalities were brought to Colditz from 1941 on. And perhaps the most colorful examples have emerged from Colditz, the Nazi camp for Allied officers in Germanys east from 1939 to 1945. District XVI Nearest city Metz, now in France. The Poles were transferred to other camps, and in March 1941 it was redesignated Stalag XVIII-A, with French and Belgian prisoners being transferred in from Stalag XVII-A. German and Italian camps! The SHAEF report mentions malnutrition/lice and infections hence it is thought unlikely there were any remaining Western Allied officer POWs still held at liberation at this camp. Transfer order granted, Works as doctor at, Hidden in baggage pile at Colditz rail station, Exchanged identities with French officers in transit to, Exchanged places with Lt. Stepninc and Lt. Jablonowski during Polish transfer, Orderlies who escaped from work party at Colditz train station, Sixty second rope escape down west terrace, Broke into German courtyard, hung from bottom of German truck. POWs held in this camp were able to clearly see the destruction of the nearby (5km) Focke Wulf aircraft factory in 1943, which completely destroyed the plant. Among the Italian prisoners, were mostly soldiers who did not surrender to the German army after the Cassibile armistice (The armistice with the Allies where the Italian forces changed sides). On 7 November, six British officers, the "Laufen Six", named after the camp (Oflag VII) from which they made their first escape, arrived: Harry Elliott, Rupert Barry (later Sir Rupert Barry), Pat Reid, Dick Howe, Anthony "Peter" Allan, and Kenneth Lockwood. Home organisations and families could also send parcels either directly or by organisations set up to aid POWS via the Red Cross containing all manner of items from sports and games to books and some clothing. But, between 1939 and 1945, it was famously used as a prisoner of war camp to house British and Allied Officers who had previously escaped from other camps, or were deemed to be a high security risk. Director: Guy Hamilton | Stars: John Mills, Eric Portman, Christopher Rhodes, Frederick Valk. J.W. It is very important to note that the Soviet Union had not signed the Geneva Convention and hence the main Nazis reasoned that the POWs captured were to be treated similarly cruelly to the Jews, Slavs and the myriad of other prisoners who were systematically ill-treated, brutalised & murdered during the war. They awoke one morning to discover that their guards had deserted them. The officers received monthly wages paid in the so-called lagergeld corresponding to the value of brands circulation. Capt E.W. On 17 April 1945, the camp was evacuated in the face of the approaching Red Army. For security reasons Appendix A had a very limited circulation, Consists of military information and intelligence which was distributed to the Armed Forces and other interested departments. Kazimierz is in the centre of Krakow: the old Jewish quarter including the area when Oskar Schindler's factory was located. The camp was located at Waggum near Braunschweig in Germany, also known by the English name of Brunswick. Originally opened in May1941 the camp reported having 1officers and 10other ranks on 26th February 1943. In late 1944 small numbers of American, Romanian, British and Polish prisoners arrived. 201 Bergamo hospital (also listed as H 201). Population was approximately 254 at the start of the early winter that year, with 71 other ranks (orderlies etc). James Garner, Privacy Policy and Initially the camp was guarded by Naval troops. Most of them attempted, (some many times) to escape, using ingenious and simple methods. It was created in November 1939 for Polish officers captured in the September campaign. Stalag 366 also had a branch in White Podlaska, which until late 1942/43 was an independent Dulag. Through an air shaft into Kommandantur, then as workers through gate. During World War II, The British Joint War Organisation sent standard food parcels, invalid food parcels, medical supplies, educational books and recreational materials to prisoners of war worldwide. In 1942 the French officers were transferred to other camps and replaced with Polish officers. Tunstall very interesting recollections. On 31 January the South Compound men plus 200 men from the West Compound went to Stalag 7A at Moosburg in railway boxcars packed 50 men and 1 armed guard in each boxcar. The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced labourers. In early 1945 Polish Officers, inmates of Oflag II-D Gross-Born and Oflag II-C Woldenberg, were marched westwards and finally reached Oflag X-C. Records concerning Royal Air Force and Allied Air Force prisoners will be found in the correspondence of the Air Ministry in AIR 2 (code B 89), as well as in the Unregistered Papers (PoWs) in AIR 20 (code 89). | 101 min Late 1943: The POW camp is closed and the entire facility becomes Bergen-Belsen concentration camp. During WWI it was a Military prison, before becoming a garrison for the Polish army after 1918. Within months two officers from Dssel, Lieutenant Jock Hamilton-Baillie and Captain Frank Weldon, proposed digging a tunnel north from Block 2's latrine to a villager's chicken coop about 30 m (98 ft) away. Littledale and Stephens, with forged papers, caught the morning train from Rocklitz to Chemitz. The camp was liberated by the U.S. Army on 16 April 1945. At the end of 1943, and presumably, because some high ranking Nazis had realised the war was not going so well for them, Red Cross parcels were also accepted for KZ (concentration camps), these consisted almost entirely of food and medical supplies, although there is little evidence these reached the desperate inmates. This book was a refreshing change because it dealt with German captors who kept their humanity and followed their legal responsibilities to their prisoners from France, Germany, Holland, And even India. Hardy Krger, November 1939 - Polish officers and a small number of orderlies were transported to Hadamar from other collection camps in Poland. After the Fall of France in 1940, most Polish officers were transferred to either Oflag VIIA Murnau or Oflag VIII E Johannisbrunn, and French officers were imprisoned in the castle. This was the only Nazi concentration camp on British soil. The main camp was in a former brewery in a suburb of the town with a few large brick buildings up to 3 storeys high. Returned to Spangenberg, the three were each sentenced to fifty-three days in solitary. Other mainly administrative and policy files on merchant navy POWs are dispersed among FO 916, MT 9 (code 106), FO 371, WO 32 (code 91A). Trevor Howard, Discover Colditz Castle in Colditz, Germany: An officers prison camp believed to be impregnable by the Germans saw over 30 successful escapes. Work began in December 1942, but the rocky ground made digging difficult. On February 6, 1945, according to Red Cross reports, some 8,000 men of the camp set out on what would be called the "Black March". Lazarett (reserve hospital) on a hillside overlooking Bilin village with 150 patients. Jack Hawkins, The largest population present within the camp was Soviet, followed by the French, Belgian, Dutch, British and Commonwealth, Italian, and American prisoners were also present in large numbers. Roy Ward Baker It was redesignated Oflag XIII-D in September 1941. The Germans complied, selecting what was originally a small Luftwaffe training camp consisting of six barracks and a small airfield at Westertimke. As with all POWs, escape was always in mind. The castle was home to some 400 officers for much of the war yet, despite the security measures in place, there were a number of significant attempts at escape made. Stalag XII-C Wiesbaden Hessen-Nassau, Prussia Location N/E 50-08, Stalag XII-D Waldbreitbach Rheinland, Prussia Location N/E 50-07. Arrested at the docks, he was transferred to Colditz in December 1941. Placed on swampy ground, with a damp, cold climate, it is one of the most notorious prisoner-of-war camps. Included are POWs of all services and Merchant navy held in Germany or German-occupied territory and also in Italy. The camp covered an area of 37,000 square metres, divided into two sections but not separated by barbed wire. After the French campaign French prisoners of war were imprisoned here. The author himself narrates the audiobook - I truly enjoyed listening to the tales of this strange Nazi castle and the many brave men who were so determined to escape. During World War II these latter provisions were consistently breached, in particular for Soviet, Polish, and Yugoslav prisoners. Prisoners held in Italy: post-armistice escape reports. Although some POW exchanges took place between 1942 and 1944, the vast majority of British and Commonwealth captives were not repatriated until 1945. Stalag I-B Hohenstein was a German World War II prisoner-of-war camp located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) west of Hohenstein, East Prussia (now Olsztynek, Poland). James Fox, The fortress had also served as an Oflag in World War I. Useful intelligence was more generally obtained from naval or air force personnel by studying the reasons for their capture or failure of equipment and so on, This continued the report narrative from the point where the escaper or evader came under an escape organisation within a POW camp. Two very high large buildings, located beside the second section, contain large halls appropriated for dayrooms. These were the same as the standard army Stalags, however, there is a great deal of evidence that Stalag Lufts were far better guarded than the normal camps in recognition of how valuable each aircrew (especially pilots) were to the Allies' war effort. | Most officers made the Allied lines or the UK, whilst many NCO's and other ranks were rounded up by the Germans, and sent to camps in Germany until the end of the war. Located at 53 degrees, 41 minutes North, 16 degrees, 55 minutes East in the far North of Germany on the Baltic coast. 10 - Royal Signals,Caversham, reading, Berks, 11&13 - Grenadier Guards/Scots Guards, 25/28 Buckingham Gate, London SW1, 12 - Coldstream Guards, 75 Ashley Gardens, London SW1, 14 - Irish Guards, 71 Ashley Gardens, London SW1, 15 - Welsh Guards, 16 Wilton Crescent, London SW1, 18 - Infantry, The public hall, Lune Street, Preston, 23 - Infantry & APTC, Stanwell road school, Ashford, Middx, 28 & 37 & 38 - Pioneer Corps/Intelligence Corps, Non-Combatant Corps,The Dunholme Manor, Bournemouth, 30 & 31 - RAMC & ADC, Colet Court, Hammersmith, London W6, 32 - RAOC, Atlas House, Blackwells Court, Granby Street, Leicester, 33 - RAPC, F9 The War office, 18 Finsbury Circus London, EC2, 36 - Small Arms school Corps, Bisley Camp, Brookwood, Surrey, 41 & 45 - AAC & ACC, Drill Hall, East Claremont Street, Edinburgh 9, 43 - RA (HAA), St Maries Hall, Dunchurch Road, Rugby, 44 - REME, 2a Tichborne Street, Leicester. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a vast network of forced-labour camps; 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central Poland. At first French, and then British officers were housed there. The guard would then come back into formation alone. As always when directed to the National Archives on research we recommend that you initially do an online search on the archives website, this should allow you to ascertain whether there is a likelihood of the data you require being stored. 172 officers held here as of February 26th 1943, opened originally in June 1941. The camp was reopened in January 1942, and housed senior British Army officers, until being liberated in April 1945. Other rooms were used as a common room and theatre. A Leipzig 4-5 storey hotel near Konig Albert park housed 89 British POWs. Located at 53 degrees, 41 minutes North, 16 degrees, 54 minutes East. In June 1943 it was renamed Stalag Luft VI and used to hold British and Canadian Air Force NCOs, and from February 1944, also Americans. OFLAG VIIIe Johannisbrunn/Troppau, Poland. Stalag XX-B Marienburg Danzig Location N/E 54-19 (now Malbork Poland). Jean Negulesco 111 min The unlucky ones got "liberated" by the Soviets, who instead of turning them over quickly to the western allies, held them as virtual hostages for several more months. He was only allowed to exercise alone, while accompanied by two armed guards and while covered by a machinegun in a tower. Sergeant Major Charles Coward (Sir Dirk Bogarde) escapes from the Stalag VIII-B P.O.W. The files BT 382/3232-3249 consist of an alphabetical series of printed cards relating to merchant seamen POWs of all nationalities. Opened 09/40 closed 04/45, also listed under 'Warburg'. Water (often contaminated) POWs drank from ditches beside the road or ate snow when available. Every prisoner-of-war camp in Italy had a squad of Carabinieri Reali, the police force who were known for their efficiency. As was usual for Stalags, many of the prisoners were located in Arbeitslager ("Work camps") on farms or adjacent to factories or other industrial operations. A new camp for officers, Oflag II-E was created close by and Polish warrant officers and ensigns were transferred to it. William Sylvester, R Building the Colditz Glider. Stutthof KZ had up to 110,000 inmates, and more than 85,000 were systematically killed there. Because of approaching Soviet troops, all POWs capable of walking were marched out. Sports equipment and textbooks were obtained from the Red Cross and YMCA. Small groups of prisoners were employed also in Lodz factories. The Germans, however, always treated Merchant Navy seamen as POWs (as did the British from 1942). In 1940 the Poles were joined by Belgian and French prisoners, and by Soviets in 1941. In May 1941 Oflag XIII-B was created in a separate compound for Serbian officers captured during the Balkans Campaign. Tobacco could be bought in bulk and sent directly via Switzerland via the tobacco companies themselves also. The camp, a former spa hotel, was opened in July 1940 and housed approximately 70 Allied generals and their aides. Stalag Luft I Barth-Vogelsang Prussia Location N/E 54-12. It should be noted that the Japanese did not allow inspections of their camps in Malaya or Singapore. It was relatively easy to escape from a farm, but much more difficult to evade recapture. These are less 'sanitised' than the latter and sometimes include additional documents, annotations to the narrative, interrogators notes and Appendix B (see below). At 07.30 the escape party left the store, timed to be shortly after the change of the German sentries the idea being that the new sentries would be unaware of who had already entered the store. Some of the pouches may also contain personal letters to and from prisoners of war. Others went to a satellite camp - Campo 78/1 - established at Aquafredda high in the hills to the north-east of Sulmona, but close enough to come under the administration of Campo 78. It held 1 British and 12 US POWs according to a red cross visit passed onto the SHAEF in February 1945. The prisoners were given the remaining Red Cross parcels; you could carry as much as you could. Ilag A/H Tost (Civilian Internment Camp) Upper Silesia 50-18, Ilag Biberach Biberach/Riss (Civilian Internment Camp) Wurttemberg 48-09, Ilag Liebenau Near Tettnang (Civilian Internment Camp) Ravensburg 47-09, Ilag Wurzach Wurzach (Civilian Internment Camp) Wurttemberg 48-10, Indre Restricted Residence For Civilians Indre France 47-01, Internment Camp Lekkende Seeland (Formerly Faarevejli High School) Copenhagen Denmark 55-12, Klara Haus (St. Josef) Liebenau (Civilian Internment Camp) Ravensburg 47-09, Komarom POW Camp #4, Komarom, Hungary 47-18, Konigsberg Prison Konigsberg East Prussia 54-20, Konigswartha Hospital #744 (Serves Stalag IV-A) Konigswartha Saxony 51-14, La Ciotat Civilian Internment Camp La Ciotat France 43-05, Lager Lazarett Stalag XI-B Fallingbostel Prussia 53-09, Lager Lazarett XI-A Tanger-Hutte Sachsen, Prussia 52-12, Lager Lazarett XI-B Wolfenbuttel Brunswick 52-10, Largarule Prizoiniero #2, 13,14, 18 Timisul de Jos, Romania 45-21, Lazarett at Hildburghausen (Hospital #1251) Hildburghausen Saxe-Meiningen 50-10, Lazarett at Nuremberg-Langwasser (Serves Stalag XIII-D) Nuremberg Bavaria 49-11, Lazarett at Stalag II-B Hammerstein West Prussia 53-17, Lazarett at Stalag IV-B (Hospital #735) Muhlberg Sachsen, Prussia 51-13, Lazarett at Stalag VI-C Bathorn, Munster Westfalen, Prussia 52-07, Lazarett at Stalag XVII-B Gneixendorf Krems, Austria 48-15, Lazarett at Stalag XVIII-B Spittal Drau Carinthia, Austria 46-13, Lazarett Barth (serves Stalag Luft I) Barth Vogelsang Prussia 54-12, Lazarett I Marrienhill Wurzburg Bavaria 49-10, Lazarett Memminger, Stalag VII-B Memminger Bavaria 48-10, Lazarett Rottenmunster/Rottweil (Serves Stalag V- Rottenmunster Wurttenberg 48-08, Lazarett Tubingen Tubingen, Wurttemberg 48-09, Lazarett Wollstein (Serves Oflag 64-Z Heilag) Wollstein Poland 52-16, Leonessa Civilian Internment Camp Leonessa Italy 42-13, Linz-Donau Hospital Linz (An-Der-Donau) Austria 48-14, Ludwigsburg Military Hospital (Transit) (Serves Stalag V-A) Ludwigsburg Wurttemberg 49-09, Luftwaffen Hospital IV/XVII Vienna Austria 48-16, Luftwaffen Lazarett I/XVII ABT IIA Brunn Austria 48-16, Marlag Und Milag Nord Westertimke (Tarmstedt) Hanover, Prussia 53-09, Military Hospital for Stalag III-B Fuerstenberg Brandenburg, Prussia 52-14, Military Hospital Siegburg Rheinland, Prussia 50-07, Montechiarugolo Civilian Internment Camp Montechiarugolo Italy 44-10, Montolivet Civilian Internment Camp Marseille France 43-05, Obermassfeld Hospital #1249 (Serves Stalag IX-C) Obermassfeld Thuringia, Germany 50-10, OPost Tettnang Liebenau (Civilian Internment Camp) Ravensburg 47-09, Perpignan Restricted Residence For Civilians Perpignan France 42-03, Perugia Civilian Internment Camp Perugia Italy 43-12, Piraeus Civilian Internment Camp Piraeus Greece 38-23, POW Camp and Lazarett Mostar Yugoslavia 43-17, POW Hospital (Serves Stalag III- Guben Brandenburg, Prussia 52-14, POW Lazarett (Serves Stalag VI-J) Dusseldorf-Gerresheim Rheinland, Prussia 51-07, Puget-Theniers For Civilians Puget-Theniers France 44-07, Regina Elizabeta Hospital, Bucharest, Romania 44-26, Regina Maria Military Hospital, Brasov, Romania 45-25, Riems Military Hospital Reims France 49-4, Rennes Military Hospital Rennes France 48-01, Reserve Lazarett (Serves Stalag IV-F) Hohenstein-Ernstthal Saxony 50-12, Reserve Lazarett (Serves Stalag VI-A) Hemer Iserlohn, Westfalen 51-07, Reserve Lazarett 101 (Serves Stalag III- Furstenberg Brandenburg, Prussia 52-14, Reserve Lazarett 102 (Serves Stalag III- Furstenberg Brandenburg, Prussia 52-14, Reserve Lazarett 11A-17A Vienna Austria 48-16, Reserve Lazarett 2 (Serves Stalag II-D) Stargard Pomerania, Prussia 53-15, Reserve Lazarett Biesdorf (Hospital #128) (Serves Stalag III-D) Berlin Prussia 52-13, Reserve Lazarett Burgsteinfurt Burgsteinfurt, Prussia 52-07, Reserve Lazarett Clausthalharz Clausthal Hanover, Prussia 51-10, Reserve Lazarett Dortmund Kirchlinde (serves Stalag VI-C) Prussia 51-07, Reserve Lazarett Eberswalde, Eberswalde Prussia 53-13, Reserve Lazarett Gronau Hanover, Prussia 52-09, Reserve Lazarett Haid b/Traun dependent on Stalag 398 Pupping-Wels Austria 48-14, Reserve Lazarett II Halle Saxony, Prussia 51-11, Reserve Lazarett II Lubeck Schleswig 54-10, Reserve Lazarett III (St. Joseph's Stift.) From the port of disembarkation prisoners of war went to transit camps in the south of Italy. These contained inks, clothing dyes, German currency, maps, compasses and other useful items and could be hidden in almost anything from replacement uniform to sports equipment and books. It was located around the village of Westertimke, about 30 km (19 mi) north-east of Bremen, though in some sources the camp's location is given as Tarmstedt, a larger village about 4 km (2.5 mi) to the west. | Campo PG 66, on a flat stretch of ground on the outskirts of Capua, had been in use as a prisoner-of-war camp since early 1941, when a medical officer reported favourably on its food, water supply and sanitation, and the men stated that they were being well taken care of.. This last march lasted approximately three weeks; but was just as harsh as the previous march except for the treatment by the Germans, which was somewhat better, perhaps because the guards knew the war was lost and their own very futures would depend on how they had treated those in their care. The British part was quite small. Beds were for officers, elderly and the sick. Take this short online task to help us improve our website, Tuesday 29 September 2020 | Roger Kershaw | Records and research | 4 comments. The likely centre for the main part of the camp was in Willenberg, 3km south of the catle on the river Nogat. Roger Bushell is believed not to have used the tunnel, instead escaping on the same night from a goat shed in the camp grounds. Opened originally in May 1942, 180 other ranks were reported here on December30th 1942.. Near Perugia, Fornaci Briziarelli brick factory, POWs also worked on the Todi Orvieto road construction. To the north and east of the village three smaller camps were also built. Twice as many KL inmates were then housed in, the already overcrowded, British POW barracks here. Over 200,000 soldiers of the British armed forces were captured during the Second World War and placed in one of the different types of prisoner of war camps run by the Germans until 1945 and Italians until late 1943, sometimes even both! Reports from December30th 1942show 250 other ranks held here. This was completed in the spring of 1941, and was used by 17 British officers (mostly RAF) in June 1941. Stalag XII E Metz, located at Fort Queuleu , replaced the Frontstalag 212 & was in operation for 5 months only from 20 July 1940 to 2 December 1940. Paul Brightwell, PG-13 It was this version that Germany and Italy, amongst 53 other countries, signed. This march was one of the "Long Marches". The others were at Oerbke (Stalag XI-D (321)) and Wietzendorf (Stalag X-D (310)). The old chapel was torn down and construction work on the prison facilities started in 1940. Starting in 1940, this gloomy, Saxon castle above a small town in eastern Germany was used to house the most "difficult" of the Allied POWs. It seems a shame if no one is encouraging continued interest in a remarkable group of men. A list of Royal Marines known to have been imprisoned in German camps between 1939 and 1945 is to be found in ADM 201/111. At the time of its liberation on 29 April 1945, there were 76,248 (7975 British) prisoners in the camp, with 1823 officers. In 1941 more officer prisoners arrived from the Balkans Campaign mostly British, Yugoslavian, Serbs and Greeks. The first one was in Siedlce, and the second was titled in the following towns: Suchozebry and Will Suchozebrska. | The final scenes very moving. It was later used by Germans (SS) as a main transit camp (Durchgangslager) for deportation to Germany of Jews and political opponents. One attempt to escape occurred when a group of POWs were being transported in open trucks through Italy. Richard Todd, Fort 13 (XIII) named after Karola Kniaziewicza. Medical facilities were also situated just outside of the town. A large number of the inmates made their way to the Swiss frontier and were interned when the Italian guards abandoned their posts after the armistice in 1943. The first officers from the battle of Greece arrived on 16 June 1941. There were also camp number IIId/999 and IIId/517 camps listed in the German postal system, these were likely to have been in the case of 999 some sort of punishment camp (999 Battalions in the German SS/Army were severe punishment units for near suicidal missions) and in the case of 517 this was the camp that the British Freikorps were held at whilst training at Genshagen, location 52,19N 13,17E which held 264 British POWs at February 1945. 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