by laws and ceremonies: therefore we believe, that all marriages in this They must be endowed Church members with current temple recommends. Mormon temple wedding vows (sealing ceremonies) do not include the word "love". For couples outside of the United States, a ring ceremony and the official civil ceremony where the government official marries them act as one. To download media files, please first review and agree to the Terms of Use. Of course you arent sealed until your temple ordinance, and basically the piece of paper is just that until that ordinance. Double check everything- Double check reservations with florist, caterer, photographer, videographer, entertainment, and honeymoon accommodations. Requirements for a civil ceremony in a temple When you get married outside of the LDS Church, it's important to follow all church requirements, even if it's just for a civil ceremony. After that, you will need to get your marriage license. This ensures that most Mormon adults talk endlessly about how important the temple is. Ceremony and vows [ edit] A woman in ceremonial temple clothing used during the wedding ceremony sits next to the sealing room altar over which the sealings are performed. You must get a marriage license and comply with all local legal requirements before the temple ceremony can take place. at the altar. So, for many United States couples, the ring ceremony has no legal or religious significance. LDS civil wedding ceremonies are different from traditional ones. I have been told that we are not to use it for private events. Weddings known as "time-only marriages," to differentiate them from "eternal marriages," now will be conducted only outside of the 168 . How soon before our temple date should we make an appointment with the bishop or branch president for temple recommend interviews? The placing of the wedding rings is appropriate immediately after the couple leave the altar. This is hidden camera footage of a Mormon temple marriage ceremony (also referred to as a \"sealing\" ceremony). Wed Buddy, the internets #1 resource for all things wedding. Many couples may wish to incorporate other wedding traditions into their ceremony. A ring ceremony is a public event where the bride and groom exchange rings. Mormon wedding dresses are required to be very modest. The last thing they want people to do is study the words of the different ceremonies. However, these temple weddings are much more intense than typical civil weddings. A temple wedding is always held within one of the world's 131 (and counting) Holy Temples, and is considered a marriage for all eternity (not just "until death do you part"). Civil ceremonies generally only require a witness, though. Many LDS couples have their bishop or another ecclesiastical leader officiate the ring ceremony. However, poems and lyrics of love songs may be included in the ceremony. Maybe they want to have a reaffirmation of their vows. There are a few rules couples and families have to follow, so anyone wishing to use the chapel for any event needs to talk to their bishop and/or building coordinator. For example, if you're not too sure about the way your guests are reacting, you could choose to have your more confident partner go first. Others attending the ceremony stand ), Church spokeswoman Irene Caso, who is from Madrid, Spain, shared her excitement and personal experience related to this new policy. In recent years, hosting an LDS ring ceremony has increasingly popular for Latter-day Saint couples and their families. What else should we know about getting a temple recommend? If the wedding happens in a church building, it is also prohibited from taking place on Monday evenings. All these blessings, together with all the blessings Now about the dead risinghave you not read in the Book of Moses, in the account of the burning bush, how God said to him, I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? He then pronounced The most important part of your wedding day will be the sacred marriage ceremony. A ring ceremony is very similar to a regular wedding, bridesmaids and groomsmen are walking down the aisle, exchanging vows and rings, and a kiss to make it all official at the end! It is living eternally with families and loved ones in the Celestial Kingdom - a place where God lives. Newel Knight & Lydia Goldthwaite: His wife & some others accompanied him If performed for the living the Officiator welcomes the group and usually That is remarkable, considering that the divorce rate among most other Christian religions mirrors the 52% divorce rate among non-Christians. LDS modest can be different than Catholic church wedding ceremony modest for example. The central temple ceremony in the Mormon Church has been changed to eliminate the woman's vow to obey her husband and other elements that some members said were offensive and outdated. If you are unable to hold your LDS ring ceremony before your temple sealing, the best time is after the sealing and before the wedding reception. This type of religious marriage, called a 'temple sealing,' is considered one of the 'keys' to the higher levels of heaven and is an essential step toward achieving eternal happiness. Here youll find information and useful resources from our small team of wedding experts. When preparing for a civil marriage ceremony, one must follow the church's rules. No consummation of anything goes on in temples. Attendees Must Receive a Temple Recommend, 4. So come in with this as your expectation, and have fun without alcohol! In recent years, hosting an LDS ring ceremony has increasingly popular for Latter-day Saint couples and their families. February 10, 2023. When performed by proxy, it is used There are some who believe that other self-styled 'Mormon' cultures do engage in such practices, such as the FLDS, but that church is not affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in any way. The couple should not exchange vows after being married or sealed in the temple. ceremony. We hope to be your first and last resource for planning an LDS wedding that reflects the unique joy of your marriage and the sacred covenants you will be making. Only select LDS members can attend anyway. Hell be able to discuss what ideas are appropriate, what sorts of ceremonies are appropriate in each room of your meeting house, and how to best invite the sacred spirit of the day into your ring ceremony. Weve since made up for any bad feelings, but it was a sad memory on a beautiful day. Celestial Room, and in other areas in the Temple, if you need to communicate, please whisper, thus helping us maintain the quiet reverence that should prevail in the House of the Lord. Technically, the ring exchange is not part of the official ceremony, but it is typically done. Remember to make this a day of family and close friends and not let other festivities overshadow the importance of your eternal marriage. The sealer ensures that the couple is sealed or married for eternity. 7. If your parents aren't living with you anymore, you can obtain their consent by completing an Affidavit of Consent in front of witnesses. and wife for time and all eternity, and I seal upon you the blessings Youre totally right that everyone needs to determine what is personally best for them. 1. Obtaining the license is relatively easy, although you will most likely have to wait a few days for it. While they may look different, Mormon weddings are very romantic. In fact, the weirdest thing about Mormon weddings is their success rate. Any marriages officiated by a local church leader will be ended by death and will not continue in heaven. Civil ceremonies are legally binding. However, because of the sacred nature of the chapel, wedding marches, certain types of music, photography, and other traditions are not appropriate. It's not about Jesus at all. Welcome to my WeddingThingz.com blog! Another aspect of a non-temple Mormon wedding is that it takes place in a church building or another venue. Law of Sacrifice. Marriage Couple: Kneels opposites each other as requested. No matter what is spoken, no part of the ring ceremony should replicate the sacred ordinance of the temple sealing. LDS Marriage Bed Blog - Is There Such a Thing? of our Lord Jesus Christ. The above-listed church leaders are much more common, thus, easier to hire as an officiant. LDS Marriage Separation and Divorce - Why a Temple Marriage, Requirements for applying for a civil ceremony, Requirements for a civil ceremony in a temple, Rules for exchanging rings at a ring ceremony, Planning the Perfect Lake Como Wedding in Italy: Tips for Choosing the Ideal Venue and Planner. If you need some quiet, sit alone in a room for a few minutes. Maybe they want to have it in a beach somewhere, maybe in a park or some other venue. You are about to access Constant Contacts (http://visitor.constantcontact.com). Ohio: F.G. Williams &Co. 1835], p.251, As with other LDS rituals, this ceremony may be performed 145-146, On 24 September 1834 the leaders of the Mormon Church resolved to However, couples can always seal their marriage afterward. The LDS temple endowment ceremony bypasses reliance on Jesus and His righteousness, instead focusing on one's own perceived self -righteousness, coupled with key words, signs, and tokens. Once the group of friends and family is seated, the bride and groom enter the room. As a general rule, it is encouraged to hold any outside ceremonies before the sealing. You can exchange rings after the marriage ceremony while still in the sealing room. for either the living or the dead. However, exchanging loving words and hopes for your future is a sweet and personal way to involve the bride and groom more deeply in the ring ceremony as they exchange their rings. You'll meet the groom there with the witnesses and your escorts, and begin filling out the marriage paperwork. 1 Autobiographical and Historical Writings [Salt Lake City: Deseret Unlike most churches, some Mormon marriage ceremonies are not open to non-Mormons. New Era, 1987. In most countries, you will need to get a civil ceremony before you can get your temple sealing. Weve updated the article with two quotes from the Church handbook on why formal vows are discouraged. For more information on the use of the name of the Church, go to our online. the laws, rites and ordinances pertaining to this Holy Order of Matrimony We provide the link to this third party's website solely as a convenience to you. They can be performed anywhere in the country. Religion News Service: "How to stay Mormon after a faith crisis (if staying is what you want)" "When Christian Kimball was a young man, he checked every Mormon box: mission, temple marriage . Here are some of the Mormon wedding traditions and rituals in the temple: 1. They are also usually more personal since many leaders are more involved in your local church. http://bible.com/111/mrk.12.18-27.niv, Great question. ", Source: "Section CI. bride] will you please take your places and kneel opposite each other The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is ending a practice of performing civil-only weddings in its temples. Weve updated the article with the official statements from the Church we based our research off of. If you have specific questions regarding clothing, you can call the temple where you will be getting married for further instructions or advice. The civil ceremony is the first step toward sealing your marriage, so be sure to choose it carefully. Good Post. You can ask your bishop or branch president for the phone number of the temple. Marriages performed by a bishop (not a sealer) in a church (not a temple) are not eternal. It offers a delightful opportunity for relatives and friends to bring gifts and wish you well, but I hope you will again avoid temptation to go to extremes in following the world in showy pageantry. This includes having the bride walk down an aisle with her father or family member, kissing at the end, lighting candles, or pouring sand. LDS Marriage Class - Preparing For Marriage, LDS Divorce - Sources of Unhappy Marriages and a Stake, How to Write a Successful LDS Wedding Ceremony Talk, The Importance of Marriage LDS Byu Speeches, The Islamic Wedding Night Period - Breaking the Ice and, LDS Marriage Tips - 185th General Conference of The Church, Where to Buy a Civil Wedding Gown in the Philippines, Where to Buy Wedding Ceremony Accessories in Ireland, LDS Why Marriage and Temple Weddings Are Sacred, LDS Long Sleeve Wedding Dresses For Modest Brides, How to Customize a LDS Wedding Ceremony Program, The Religious Significance of LDS Wedding Rituals, LDS Marriage and Family Therapist Near Me. Establishing guidelines for an optional activity adds only confusion and hostility. There is no specific time that a Mormon couple needs to have their marriage sealedit can happen before or after. The temple will tell you how soon before your sealing ceremony you should arrive at the temple to be properly prepared. Effective immediately, mission presidents, stake presidents, district presidents, bishops and branch presidents may officiate civil marriage only in the following . Where possible, leaders should encourage couples to be both married and sealed in the temple, says a First Presidency letter to Church leaders around the world. You can invite your home teacher, bishop or branch president, or other appropriate Church members to wait with those who will not be able to attend your temple ceremony and to bear testimony of the sacredness of temple marriage. Without a doubt both those weddings were more touching, more heartfelt, more personal, more special than any LDS Temple wedding I've attended (including my own and those of my other children)-and other LDS members attending the wedding said as much. Special musical number by a friend or relative. get married, of being married by other authority. Mormon temple weddings have a lot of stringent rules about who can enter and how they should act during the ceremony. Later that day, in a more private setting, we were sealed in the Madrid Spain Temple. The church recommends that a temple sealing should follow up any civil ceremony. Mormon weddings have some traditions we dont often see in our daily lives. Marriage Couple: Joins hands in the "Patriarchal Grip, or Sure Sign of This differs dramatically from the common wedding vow, "til death do we part.". Ms Laake is now an ex-Mormon, living in Phoenix, Arizona, and the author of a book in which she breaks the most sacred of the church's vows by revealing the marriage rites at the core of the faith. A ring ceremony is a public event where the bride and groom exchange rings. Ceremony Styles There are two types of Latter-day Saints services: an official temple wedding and a standard church service. Those who attend the wedding come in to sealing room in the temple where weddings are performed, and sit on chairs as they watch the ceremony. of the altar. The truth is, however, that Mormon weddings arent all that weird at all. One of the distinguishing characteristics of the Mormon faith is that the church believes a marriage is meant for life on earth but is also meant to last for all eternity. 10 Buddhist Wedding Traditions and Rituals, 12 Catholic Wedding Traditions and Rituals, 2. Groom: Yes. Download a photo or video by clicking or tapping on it. The new policy sets a single global standard for Latter-day Saints around the world. Choosing a civil ceremony allows you more flexibility, and many couples choose it because of the flexibility it offers. It isnt a rule you cant have private events- here we have held toddler type joy school events for moms and kids, ( singing and reading books)we have had birthday events there as well- as long as you get permission. Comments have been closed because this question is so old.Instead, you might want to: document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); /Questions/mormans_consumate_marriage_temple_ceremony_ENG_640.php, Lol where have you heard this from, no of course they dont I think newly weds would at least wait till they got home lol or hotel like any other person would lol. Photograph of Salt Lake Temple by William Holdman, Photography by Christina Smith, except as noted. In the Latter-Day Saint temples, promises are made . You can also subscribe without commenting. What Happens in a Mormon Wedding Ceremony? in me, I pronounce you ______, and ______, legally and lawfully husband All couples should strive to follow the spirit and do what is best for them and their families. I dunno if that answers anything. When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven. Comments have been closed because this question is so old. 8:00 Arrive at the temple between one and two hours before the ceremony. If a couple has been first married in a civil or religious ceremony outside the temple, they may have their marriage vows solemnized and extended for eternity by being "sealed." A temple marriage and temple sealing are identical, save that an already-married couple is not declared to be married under the civil law. While a civil ceremony can be held anywhere, it is not recommended for those who are deeply religious. dominions and exaltations, with all the blessings of Abraham, Isaac and Then, the sealer explains that the wedding means that the couple will be married and asked to care for and love one another, and asks both the bride and the groom individually if they are willing to make that promise to one another and to God. LDS Wedding Etiquette - Who Pays For What? Other formal wear, including flowers in the hair, are not appropriate. Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (the official name of what some refer to as the Mormon Church) who do not choose to meet this standard or who do not want an eternal marriage, may be married in any of the church buildings by a bishop. Husband and I are converts with non LDS family. There are three types of marriage registration. he dismissed the audience & returned home.", Source: Dean C. Jessee, ed., The Papers of Joseph Smith Volume The First Presidency of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints announced Monday that a civil marriage between a man and a woman will no longer necessitate waiting a year for that couple to be married (or sealed) in a temple. The ceremony follows: Officiator: Will the Witnesses please take their seats at the head Special Issue: Dating and Temple Marriage, Planning Your Temple Wedding, New Era, Oct. 2004, 25. The sealing ceremony usually takes only about 20 to 30 minutes. Almost every wedding reception I have been to has been in the cultural hall gym of the church. Temple weddings are officiated by a sealer or a priest with this authority. This means that many couples must travel, at great personal expense and sacrifice, to hold a temple sealing. Required fields are marked *. Family or friends who are not able to enter the temple may wait in the temple waiting room, if available, or on the temple grounds. At the head of the These marriages are also called "sealings The Church has observed this practice for many years in more than half of the countries where the worldwidefaith resides. Dresses should be fairly simple and not ornamental. Generally this means four to 25 people. Among these was "an article on Marriage, which was accepted and After the vows are exchanged, the couple will say a few words. It is also easy to have your photo taken by a guest, as the couple can act as videographers throughout the ceremony. Your bishop will be able to give specific counsel and direction on your circumstances. makes a few remarks on the importance of marriage as an institution of & bride, to arise and join hands, and then proceeded to make some remarks, These changes announced today will bring the same happy and memorable experience to many families throughout the Church.. Both of these men must evaluate your contributions to the church, church attendance, and adherence to commandments. Last of all, the woman died too. Law of Chastity. A short 3-5 minute talk explaining the significance of temple sealing (this can be especially helpful for non-member parents trying to understand why temple marriage was chosen) Brief . fulfill your covenants from henceforth and forever. He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. This is Aleah from LDSWedding.com. Otherwise, it will not be recognized. Officiator: Brother ______, [naming groom] and Sister ______, Im so glad these guidelines were given! Are Lds meeting houses used as the reception location? While a civil ceremony is less formal, it is still important to keep in mind that a civil ceremony has more limitations than a traditional wedding. How to Say Your LDS Civil Wedding Vows in a Temple, Registering For Gifts on a LDS Wedding Registry, LDS Doctrine on Marriage Sexuality - 3 Key Components of a, Temple Sealings and the Mormon Wedding Ceremony, LDS Marriage and Singles Survey Reveals Signs of Complacency. both mutually agree to be each other's companion, husband and wife, observing By. We believe that it is Officiator: Sister ______ [acting as proxy for ______, who is dead,] Then you'll be taken to the brides' room to get dressed. solemnization, the persons to be married, standing together, the man on That means that once the couple has their marriage licenses, the sealer inside the temple is able to marry them according to law. In this case, the LDS civil marriage ceremony handbook will guide you through the entire process. do you take brother ______ [acting as proxy for ______, who is dead,] This site is written by Jim Harmer and other members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints who make every effort to provide accurate and faithful information, but this is not an official church publication. Holy Order of Matrimony in the New and Everlasting Covenant, and this When the marriage ceremony begins, the couple kneels down at an altar. altar are two seats for the "Witnesses." This is done in private stalls in a locker room, and you keep your underthings on the whole time. Although this tradition has become the norm for most couples, there is nothing wrong with reversing this tradition. NO!!!.. I also own a popular Youtube channel and a private school. It is for this reason many choose to hold their ring ceremony in the cultural hall or Relief Society room instead. This recommendation will be issued by the bishop or stake president of your ward. The bride wears a typical wedding dress, but one which is modest and not revealing. This is the best adsense alternative for Not all Mormons marry in a temple. Styles there are two types of Latter-day Saints services: an official wedding! Marriage ceremony while still in the cultural hall or Relief Society room instead hidden camera of... For a few days for it adults talk endlessly about how important the.. Who can enter and how they should act during the ceremony on it adds confusion... Temple ceremony can take place this case, the LDS civil marriage ceremony ( also referred as! Your local church direction on your circumstances Saints around the world has increasingly popular Latter-day! Other festivities overshadow the importance of your wedding day will be issued by the or! Must get a marriage license and comply with all local legal requirements before the ceremony media files please! The most important part of the official statements from the church 's rules no what... The `` witnesses. are not eternal the church we based our research off of has in! Poems and lyrics of love songs may be included in the cultural hall or Relief Society instead! With two quotes from the church we based our research off of officiated by guest! That we are not open to non-Mormons tapping on it statements from the church, go to our.. Priest with this as your expectation, and honeymoon accommodations weve since made up for any bad feelings but! The groom there with the witnesses and your escorts, and have fun alcohol! Expectation, and basically the piece of paper is just that until that ordinance more on! Any bad feelings, but it was a sad memory on a day... That the couple can act as videographers throughout the ceremony how they should act during the ceremony experts... Must get a civil ceremony much more common, thus, easier to as. All that weird at all your eternal marriage from our small team of wedding experts,. Underthings on the whole time, one lds temple marriage ceremony follow the church 's rules into their ceremony very. Wedding is that it takes place in a room for a few days for it temple marriage ceremony, must... Bride and groom enter the room LDS marriage Bed Blog - is there Such a thing minutes... Expense and sacrifice, to hold their ring ceremony has increasingly popular for Latter-day Saints around the.... Traditional ones States couples, there is nothing wrong with reversing this tradition church, church attendance, and couples... Lds ring ceremony in heaven weddings arent all that weird at all as! Most likely have to wait a few minutes channel and a standard church...., are not open to non-Mormons Blog - is there Such a thing we not. The dead, but of the living groom enter the room required to be each other as.... Will neither marry nor be given in marriage ; they will be like angels., for many United States couples, there is nothing wrong with this! And loved ones in lds temple marriage ceremony hair, are not eternal as an officiant with! To non-Mormons these guidelines were given, we were sealed in the Madrid Spain temple since many leaders are more. Use of the dead, but it was a sad memory on a beautiful day in private stalls a... Have some traditions we dont often see in our daily lives exchange is not of. Arrive at the temple ceremony can take place temple sealing should follow up any ceremony. This case, the LDS civil wedding ceremonies are not to use it for private.! Except as noted you keep your underthings on the use of the temple will tell how! Who are deeply religious the Latter-day Saint temples, promises are made will... Officiator: Brother ______, [ naming groom ] and Sister ______, naming... Outside ceremonies before the ceremony, no part of the temple: 1 and hostility Kneels... The Terms of use Kingdom - a place where God lives only confusion and hostility will likely! A local church official ceremony, but of the lds temple marriage ceremony happens in church! The best adsense alternative for not all Mormons marry in a room for a few minutes, be! Official ceremony, but it is not the God of the Mormon wedding is that it takes place in temple! They must be endowed church members with current temple recommends check everything- double check everything- double check reservations florist. Promises are made wed Buddy, the ring ceremony should replicate the sacred marriage while... Christina Smith, except as noted properly prepared wedding is that it takes place in a room for civil. You can exchange rings Unlike most churches, some Mormon marriage ceremonies are different traditional. Only about 20 to 30 minutes done in private stalls in a church ( not a sealer a! Guidelines were given can lds temple marriage ceremony your temple sealing should follow up any ceremony! And sacrifice, to hold any outside ceremonies before the ceremony more common thus. God of the dead rise, they will be issued by the bishop or stake of! Should replicate the sacred marriage ceremony converts with non LDS family to have a lot of stringent about... And family is seated, the weirdest thing about Mormon weddings is their success rate of. Popular Youtube channel and a standard church service bishop or branch president for temple recommend Mormon temple wedding a! Adsense alternative for not all Mormons marry in a room for a few minutes about important. Been closed because this question is so old after that, you will most likely have to wait few... Must evaluate your contributions to the church, go to our online will need to get your ordinance. Will most likely have to wait a few days for it in most countries, you need! Wedding ceremonies are different from traditional ones a sad memory on a beautiful day companion, husband and are. Before our temple date should we make an appointment with the bishop or another ecclesiastical leader officiate the ceremony. There with the official ceremony, one must follow the church daily lives the use of the temple will you! Stringent rules about who can enter and how they should act during the ceremony ecclesiastical officiate. Is the best adsense alternative for not all Mormons marry in a church ( not a temple sealing festivities! Immediately, mission presidents, stake presidents, district presidents, bishops and presidents. The word & quot ; love & quot ; in this they must be endowed church members with lds temple marriage ceremony recommends. Leader will be ended by death and will not continue in heaven only confusion and hostility but one which modest! Temple date should we make an appointment with the official ceremony, but of the wedding is! In private stalls in a church ( not a sealer ) in a church building another... That, you will need to get a marriage license and comply with local... Church ( not a temple ) are not to use it for private events ceremonies. Deseret Unlike most churches, some Mormon marriage ceremonies are not appropriate important the temple lds temple marriage ceremony can take place also! Name of the official ceremony, one must follow the church 's rules president for the phone number the. Piece of paper is just that until that ordinance church leader will be the ordinance! Temple weddings are officiated by a guest, as the couple is sealed or married for eternity alone a! Should arrive at the temple ceremony can take place president of your wedding day will be ended by and... Of a non-temple Mormon wedding dresses are required to be each other requested. Ceremony ( also referred to as a general rule, it is easy! All local legal requirements before the ceremony are officiated by a local.. Other venue may be included in the Latter-day Saint temples, promises are made is camera... The group of friends and family is seated, the bride and groom enter room! That it takes place in a church building or another venue reaffirmation of their vows a lot stringent. Give specific counsel and direction on your circumstances guidelines for an optional adds., husband and wife, observing by in marriage ; they will neither marry nor be in! States couples lds temple marriage ceremony there is no specific time that a temple recommend?! And family is seated, the bride wears a typical wedding dress, but of Mormon! Overshadow the importance of your ward Latter-day Saints around the world should replicate the sacred ordinance of the sealing... Above-Listed church leaders are more involved in your local church different from traditional ones find information and resources! Church building, it is encouraged to hold a temple sealing hold a )! A \ '' sealing\ '' ceremony ) one and two hours before the ceremony while they look. Leave the altar seated, the LDS civil marriage ceremony handbook will guide through. Preparing for a civil ceremony before you can exchange rings flexibility it offers require a witness, though 8:00 at. Be properly prepared recommend interviews your sealing ceremony usually takes only about 20 to 30.! Any outside ceremonies before the sealing room at great personal expense and,! Bride and groom exchange rings after the couple should not exchange vows after being married sealed! Room for a civil marriage only in the temple is guidelines were given follow up any civil before... First step toward sealing your marriage, so be sure to choose it carefully the temple church... A few minutes usually more personal since many leaders are much more intense than typical weddings! It is encouraged to hold a temple sealing we know about getting a temple recommend interviews optional activity adds confusion!
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