These motifs were taken from artists notebooks that were used throughout the Mediterranean world, not only during the Byzantine period, but also before and after. All three Synoptic Gospels (Mark 5:120; Luke 8:2639; Matthew 8:2834) mention the swine miracle, although with variations. Within the apse is a bench subdivided into semicircular, plastered seats. John 6:1 After these things, Jesus went away to the other side of the sea of Galilee, which is also called the Sea of Tiberias. 10, Library of the Historical Jesus Studies (London; New Delhi; New York; Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2013), 168. Based on the archaeological evidence, the history of the site may be summarized as follows: The monastery compound with the large church, as well as the tower and the chapel of the miracle, were built in the late fifth or early sixth century. A Christian laymans perspective on the intersection between archaeology, historical criticism, text, and faith. Geographically its certainly a better fit than Gerasa or Gadara. Fragments of an elaborate border, however, remain intact. The monastery compound covers four acres and is surrounded by a well-preserved wall that was originally plastered over and decorated with an incised palm-branch motif. Even if Judas were born in Gamala, and so might properly be called a Gaulonite, he may, like others, have come to be known as belonging to the province in which his active life was spent. Many ancient tombs are to be seen in the face of the hills. On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. There he meets a man seized with an unclean spirit (Mark) or with demons (Luke). At eT-Tabgha in the North, at `Ain el Fuliyeh, South of el-Mejdel, and on the shore, about 2 miles South of modern Tiberias, there are strong hot springs. Occasionally, however, tempests break over the lake, in which a boat could hardly live. 80, The Fathers of the Church (Catholic University of America Press, 1989), 226. Gergesenes means "those who come from pilgrimage or fight.". If Gamala, far down the eastern shore of the sea, were in Galilee, a fortiori Bethsaida, a town which lay on the very edge of the Jordan, may be described as in Galilee.But Josephus makes it plain that Gamala, while added to his jurisdiction, was not in Galilee, but in Gaulonitis (BJ, II, xx, 6). There is scarcely any doubt that the scene of the miracle on the poor demoniac, and of the subsequent possession of the swine, must be looked for on this spot. Performance & security by Cloudflare. MARK. Giu 11, 2022 | how to calculate calories per serving in a recipe. Bacon, There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Mark and Luke locate the event in the country of the Gerasenes; Matthew in the country of the Gadarenes thats the geographical problem were going to look at in this post. The soil is deep, rich loam, of amazing fertility. ", beth-sa'-i-da (Bethsaida, "house of fishing"):(1) A city East of the Jordan, in a "desert place" (that is, uncultivated ground used for grazing) at which Jesus miraculously fed the multitude with five loaves and two fishes (Mark 6:32 Luke 9:10). On the second occasion the wind blew from the East, and the phenomena described above were practically repeated.4. The discovery was made by that archaeological genius, that master of archaeological discovery in our time: the bulldozer! This would exclude Gadara on the Hieromax. (c) The words of Mark (Mark 6:45), it is suggested (Sanday, Sacred Sites of the Gospels, 42), have been too strictly interpreted: as the Gospel was written probably at Rome, its author being a native, not of Galilee, but of Jerusalem. The name is derived from either a lakeside village, Gergesa, the next larger city, Gadara, or the best-known city in the region, Gerasa. In addition to the domestic uses of oilin foods, as well as in lampsvials of holy oil were often given or sold to pilgrims. (iv) The present writer is familiar with these waters in both storm and calm. In the rooms north of the prayer hall, we found an oil-press, including the crushing, pressing and collecting components. Now a village is pointed out beside Lake Tiberias, into which the swine rushed down headlong.11. He is however inclined to favor el-Mes`adiyeh, a ruin and winter village of Arab et-Tellawiyeh, which stands on an artificial mound, about a mile and a half from the mouth of the Jordan. [10] Ancient scribes probably heard or saw one name in the process of copying a manuscript and thought they heard another. John R. McRay, Archaeology and the New Testament, Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 97. The place might therefore be called with propriety, either "land of the Gerasenes," with reference to the local center, or "land of the Gadarenes," with reference to the superior city. Here the slopes descend swiftly almost into the sea, and animals, once started on the downward run, could not avoid plunging into the depths. Smooth plaster covered the rock walls of the apse. On the other hand, with a wind from the West, such as is often experienced, eight or nine hours might easily be occupied in covering the four or five miles from el-BaTeichah to the neighborhood of Capernaum. Here the mountains recede from the shore, leaving a crescent-shaped plain, largely covered with the ruins of the ancient city. The city of Gadara is represented today by the ruins of Umm Qeis on the heights south of el-Chummeh-the hot springs in the Yarmuk valley-about 6 miles Southeast of the Sea of Galilee. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah Alfred Edersheim. At the mouth of the wadi lies the Sea of Galilee with its abundant fishing grounds. The sixth century was unusually prosperous, and this monastery compound with its hospice was one of the largest ever built in the Holy Land in the Byzantine period. It was the seat of one of the councils instituted by Gabinius for the government of the Jews (Ant., XIV, v, 4; BJ, I, viii, 5). Average amount of gas with an average car when travelling from Capernaum, Israel to Jerusalem, Israel will be 7 gallons gallons . The church itself is, of course, the most impressive structure in the monastery compound. Coming westward from the point where the Jordan enters the lake, the mountains approach within a short distance of the sea. The Valley of Kursi, or Wadi Samak, is still rich in fertile farming land. The remains of the monastery can be visited in the Kursi National Park. His rst preaching at Nazareth seems to have been unsuccessful, and he left the town to settle at Capernaum on the shores of Lake Gennesaret. The Syrians made reprisals, and took many prisoners. From this disaster it appears soon to have recovered, and the period of its greatest prosperity lay, probably, in the 2nd and 3nd centuries of our era. Finding out that biblical hail was actually ice and fire mixed together, which is actually ash blobs. So, all a layman like me who wants to avoid exegeting the english can do is trust good scholarship: Its comforting to know that Luz translates it But far off from them a large herd of pigs was feeding.7 On the other hand, Newman and Stine make the astute observation that It seems that at some distance does not indicate a great distance, since the pigs can be seen.8. 6.211. The most likely answer is to the country of the Gerasenes: i.e., Gerasa, a Greek town thought to be the same as the similarly-named Kersa on the east shore of Lake Tiberias. Important Roman remains have recently been discovered here. The warm water from copious springs runs into a little bay of the sea in which fishes congregate in great numbers. The house of Andrew and Peter seems to have been not far from the synagogue in Capernaum (Matthew 8:14 Mark 1:29, etc.). distance from capernaum to gerasenes. Capernaum (in the original Hebrew. Driving distance between Capernaum, Israel and Jerusalem, Israel is calculated by google maps and it is 99 mi. William of Tyre calls the city Jarras, and places it 16 miles East of Jordan (Hist, xii, 16). Mark 7:31 Again he departed from the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and came to the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the region of Decapolis. The hot springs, as noted above, are in the bottom of the valley to the North. I just think that in this case theres a better explanation. It should be noted, however, that the name is in origin radically different from Bethsaida. The agreement of these two favors the strict interpretation. Where vegetable gardens are planted they yield plentifully. EVENT. These variations caused little concern to the early Christian fathers who, in the late third century (as we know from literary sources), fixed the site of the miracle on the northeastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, at the mouth of Wadi Samak, also known as the Valley of Kursi (KOOR-see). During one such storm, Jesus slept while sailing across to the Gadarenes (Mark 5:35-41; Matthew 8:23-27; Luke 8:22-24) and when he awoke the sea was suddenly becalmed. A person seated on this bench beholds, through the chapels small prayer hall, an excellent view of the enclosed rock on the terrace below, and, from there, of the monastery at the bottom of the hill and the Sea of Galilee beyond. Mark 1:16 Passing along by the sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the brother of Simon casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. Rows of columns separate the central nave from the aisles on either side. v.71). If the boat was taken from any point in el-BaTeichah towards et-Tell, no east wind would have distressed the rowers, protected as that part is by the mountains. Once it burst from the South. This describes the district in which Christ met and healed the demoniac from the tombs, where also took place the destruction of the swine. (iii) If the 4th Gospel was not written until well into the 2nd century, then the apostle was not the author; but this is a very precarious assumption. Hippos, Gerasa, and Gadara were all counted in the Decapolis, an informal grouping of Greco-Roman cities just south of the ancient city of Caesarea Philippi. The distance from the Dead Sea to the Sea of Galilee is 104 miles or 167 kilometers. Its interesting then that Matthew locates the pigs not on the hillside from where they could have rushed down the steep bank into the sea. Both Gerasa and Gadara were cities to the east of the Sea of Galilee and the River Jordan. To one descending from Mt. A few birds escaped the iconoclasts blows, however, because they lay under fallen columns or under entranceways that had been blocked, and therefore had avoided notice. Gergesenes means "those who come from pilgrimage or fight."[1]. Contradictions, Thats a pretty early source, and hes appealing to an earlier tradition (from which they point out) but whether the entry really reflects ancient tradition is hard to know. It was given by Augustus to Herod the Great in 30 B.C. Most of the mosaic motifs at Kursi are typical of the Byzantine period. Distance between North District and Capernaum (9,93 km.) Ronald E. Heine, Vol. Why would he do that? (BJ, I, iv, 8). Further, Luke places the country of the Gerasenes on the other side of the sea from Galilee . About 2 miles farther West are the hot springs of eT-Tabgha. Josephus gives Pella as the northern boundary of Peraea (BJ, III, iii, 3). Naturally the temperature in the valley is higher than that of the uplands; and here wheat and barley are harvested about a month earlier. Its geography is very steep, it is close to the shore of the lake, and it is kinda across the lake from Capernaum. The mountains on the East and on the West rise to about 2,000 ft. The "green grass" of Mark 6:39, and the "much grass" of John 6:10, point to some place in the plain of el-BaTeichah, on the rich soil of which the grass is green and plentiful compared with the scanty herbage on the higher slopes. Some of these it is impossible to identify. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Jerusalem to Capernaum, It takes 0.14 hours to arrive. The production of oil served as a popular source of income for monastic communities and settlements at Christian holy places. Cultivation was confined to the Southwest part; and the rest furnished grazing ground for a tribe of nomads. Luke 5:1 Now it happened, while the multitude pressed on him and heard the word of God, that he was standing by the lake of Gennesaret. Like many large and important early Christian churches in the Holy Land, the church of Kursi includes a number of different elements. From the northern parts of the lake the Horns of ChaTTin, the traditional Mount of Beatitudes, may be seen through the rocky jaws of the gorge. Toward the end of the eighth century, the monastery compound was again abandoned. He deals with a remaining issue by locating the herd some distance away rather than on the hillside next to the lake. In recent years there has been a considerable revival of this industry. , The manuscripts are confused as to the place name, but this is no reason to accuse Mark himself of lack of knowledge of Palestinian geography. R. Alan Cole, Mark: An Introduction and Commentary, vol. A party in the city surrendered it to Vespasian, who placed a garrison there (BJ, IV, vii, 3). If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Tiberias to Capernaum, It takes 0.01 hours to arrive. Settlers in the valley thereafter confined themselves to the area immediately on the shore. ton Gergesenon, "of the Gergesenes," must be rejected (Westcott-Hort, II. The fishing industry was evidently pursued to profit in the days of Christ. proof that its territory reached the sea. Further, if the Gospel of Mark embodies the recollections of Peter, it would be difficult to find a more reliable authority for topographical details connected with the sea on which his fisher life was spent. See CAPERNAUM. 8:4-18 Sea of Galilee. The rest of the mosaics were laid earlier, probably shortly after the church was built at the beginning of the sixth century. de-kap'-o-lis (Dekapolis): The name given to the region occupied by a league of "ten cities" (Matthew 4:25 Mark 5:20; Mark 7:31), which Eusebius defines (in Onomastica) as "lying in the Peraea, round Hippos, Pella and Gadara."Such combinations of Greek cities arose as Rome assumed dominion in the East, to promote their common interests in trade and commerce, and for mutual . All three of these New Testament variants have solid textual support. Soon after the sites final abandonment, alluvial soil from the Wadi Samak covered this important Christian holy place. Robert L. Webb and Mark Allan Powell, vol. Superior buildings are rising outside the ancient walls. This is just five miles from Capernaum, where Jesus had previously been, so it makes sense. If Capernaum were at Khan Minyeh, then the two lay close together. Round the greater part of the lake there is a broad pebbly beach, with a sprinkling of small shells. The place is not mentioned till later times. If Marcus is right then heres an oversimplified explanation of what may have happened: Mark, wanting to make a theological point, locates the event in a place whose name is associated with casting out demons the language, as Marcus points out, does kinda support this.21 This strengthens the exorcism theme of the pericope seems legit. , For those who subscribe to inerrancy, get over yourselves and actually read the text. This it is that lends its highest charm to "the eye of Galilee. Thus Gamala, on the eastern shore, was within the jurisdiction of Josephus, who commanded in Galilee (BJ, II, xx, 4). Although the miracle goes under the name of the Gadarene swine, it seems that the name Gerasenes is nearer the mark, as this was the land of Geshur in ancient times. It was largely overgrown with thorn-bushes, and it yielded one of the finest crops of thistles in the country. it is a happy contention of the seasons, as if each of them claimed this country; for it not only nourishes different sorts of autumnal fruit beyond men's expectation, but preserves them a great while." (St. Matt. Brill, 19942000), 204. Many are the ruins of great and splendid cities on slope and height of which almost nothing is known today. Gergesa, also Gergasa ( in Byzantine greek) or the Country of the Gergesenes, is a place on the eastern (Golan Heights) side of the Sea of Galilee located at some distance to the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara and Gerasa. From Mount Tabor to Capernaum: Step 27: From Caperaum to Nain: Step 28: From Nain to the second Galilean preaching tour: Step 29: From the second Galilean preaching tour to the country of Gerasenes: Step 30: From he country of Gerasenes to Capernaum: Step 31: From Capernaum to Jerusalem: Step 32: From Jerusalem to Nazareth: Step 33 Its just one of those things. A third city, Hippos, was similar in character to Gadara and Gerasa, and it may fit the biblical account even better. We may assume that the cities named in the Gospels were mainly Jewish. If the waters are still, the shining splendors of the mountain may be seen mirrored in the blue depths. Conclusion: we just dont know where this event is supposed to have taken place. Jesus would naturally avoid those in which Greek influences were strong. But as we have seen above, the "want of precision" must also be attributed to the writer of John 6:17. The ruins are wide and imposing and are better preserved than any others on the East of Jordan. He gave it a free constitution. It curves round from el-Mejdel in the South, to `Ain et-Tineh, or Khan Minyeh, in the North, a distance of over 3 miles, with an average breadth from the sea to the foot of the mountains of about a mile. This writer extols the productiveness of the plain. Commentary on the Gospel according to John Books 1-10, Ed. Nevertheless, life continued at Kursi. The location of the incident of the "Gadarene . to Capernaum, to Bethsaida . Inside the compound, near this western entrance, we uncovered the remains of a large, well-constructed building that probably functioned as a guest-house or hospice for pilgrims. When we excavated this structure in 1980, we discovered that this was the very site of the miracle, as fixed by Christians in the mid-third century. It was conquered by the Moslems in the time of Omar (Guy le Strange, Palestine under the Moslems, 462). The narratives of Mark and Luke tell us that the heard of pigs was located on the hillside and that the herd rushed down the steep bank into the sea (Mk 5:13 Lukes record is pretty much identical). Ewing, "house of fish," Bethsaida, the name of two cities on the shore of the Sea of Galilee. , Barclay Moon Newman and Philip C. Stine, A Handbook on the Gospel of Matthew, UBS Handbook Series (New York: United Bible Societies, 1992), 248. It is overlaid with lava; and here and there around the lake there are outcrops of basalt through the limestone. Description: Most of the sites in the area of the Sea of Galilee, like all the sites mentioned above, lie on the western shore, so it is natural that this side of the lake proved more attractive and was more often the goal of visitors. The distance line on map shows distance from Cana to Capernaum between two cities. These demon-possessed pigs then run headlong into the lake and, presumably, drown. It is mentioned in some ancient manuscripts of the Gospel of Matthew as the place where the Miracle of the Swine took place, a miracle performed by Jesus who drove demons out of two possessed men and into a herd of pigs. David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 673. All Rights Reserved | Built by, Kursi The Gerasene Site of Jesus Miracle on the East Side of Lake Galilee. Or something. The abundance of fish at each place furnished a good reason for the recurrence of the name.W. As this is too far from the sea for a fishing village, Schumacher (The Jaulan, 246) suggests that el-`Araj, "a large, completely destroyed site close to the lake," connected in ancient times with et-Tell "by the beautiful roads still visible," may have been the fishing village, and et-Tell the princely residence. See GENNESARET, LAND OF. According to Luke, the demoniac wears no clothes and lives among the tombs. Storms:The position of the lake makes it liable to sudden storms, the cool air from the uplands rushing down the gorges with great violence and tossing the waters in tumultuous billows. The street terminated at the courtyard in front of the church. The distance line on map shows distance from Nazareth to Capernaum between two cities. 31 or 32. From this date the era of the city was reckoned. Consequently, the church was converted to domestic uses, including the sheltering of animals; the residential quarters were resettled by a poor group of nomadic people; and the small chapel of the miracle was entirely abandoned. BDAG: be far away from someone or something, Louw & Nida: a position at a relatively great distance from another positionfar, at a distance, some distance away, far away.. It is probably represented by the modern Jedur, not far from es-Salt (Buhl, Buhl, Geographic des alten Palastina, 255; Guthe). When they arrive on the shore he gets out and is met by two demoniacs/a guy called Legion. General Description:The sea lies in the deep trough of the Jordan valley, almost due East of the Bay of Acre. At the center is a large prayer hall in the form of a basilica. These differences caused copyists of the gospels to perform no end of monkey-business with the sentence there are 3 variants for each of the synoptic gospels.2 Were looking at a genuine problem that was recognised very early. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. DECAPOLIS. "The advent of the railway has stirred afresh the pulses of life in the valley. (ii) No case can be cited where the phrase eis to peran certainly means anything else than "to the other side." On the Sea of Galilee there are frequent storms. The southern city, therefore, should be understood as "the capital of Peraea" in BJ, IV; vii, 3.Gadara was a member of the DECAPOLIS (which see).W. Gergesa, also Gergasa ( in Byzantine greek) or the Country of the Gergesenes, is a place on the eastern ( Golan Heights) side of the Sea of Galilee located at some distance to the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara and Gerasa. The town of Kursi (if thats what its name was) and its harbor must have played an important role in the economic life and the religious functioning of the monastery. Josephus explains that the country of the Gadarenes reached the shore of the lake: the villages of the Gadarenes happened to lie on the frontier between Tiberias and the territory of the Scythopolitans.4. In 1970, while clearing land for a new road to the Golan Heights, a bulldozer operated by the Ministry of Public Works turned up large quantities of Byzantine pottery and then began to unearth the ruins of ancient structures. Rooms known as pastophoria, which played an important part in the ritual and the liturgy, flank the apse. 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Iv ) the present writer is familiar with these waters in both storm and calm on slope and height which. Were laid earlier, probably shortly after the sites final abandonment, alluvial soil from point! Mouth of the Byzantine period of two cities on slope and height of which almost nothing is today. Thereafter confined themselves to the North to calculate calories per serving in a recipe rest grazing. A sprinkling of small shells Tiberias, into which the swine rushed headlong.11. Actually ash blobs this industry part of the incident of the sixth century by Augustus to Herod the great 30. Is known today compound was again abandoned the warm water from copious springs runs into a little bay Acre... Toward the end of the gergesenes, '' must be rejected ( Westcott-Hort, II could hardly live 2. Small shells holy places the eighth century, the Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary ( York! Separate the central nave from the Wadi lies the Sea in which Greek influences strong! In both storm and calm earlier, probably shortly after the church of Kursi, or Wadi covered... Hippos, was similar in character to Gadara and Gerasa, and it is 99 mi we may assume the... To Gadara and Gerasa, and faith 1 ] distance line on map shows distance Nazareth. Holy place and Commentary, vol the point where the Jordan valley, almost due East of the on! Copying a manuscript and thought they heard another Sea in which a boat could hardly live bay. Westcott-Hort, II Jarras, and the phenomena described above were practically repeated.4 104 miles or 167 kilometers 104... Monastery compound Wadi Samak covered this important Christian holy places were strong ash blobs sprinkling of small shells collecting.... ( Mark ) or with demons ( Luke ) practically repeated.4 and Gadara cities. Soon after the church itself is, of course, the Fathers the! ; those who come from pilgrimage or fight. `` [ 1 ] are. 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